Author: valibrarian

Metamodern Murdoch Mysteries: AI Waxes Philosophical

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With a tip of the hat to history and the wonderful age of inventions around the turn of the 19th century, fans of the Murdoch Mysteries enjoy whimsical adventures with such famous characters as Tesla, Houdini, Henry Ford and even a young Winston Churchill. This whimsical glimpse into the past provides beautiful sets depicting early Toronto, Canada and spoofy yet authentic Victorian clothing. Such fun!

Since I have been researching our current philosophical moment which many call metamodernism, the Murdoch Mysteries seem like such a great example of the “new sincerity” and appreciation of the past that embody metamodernism. Postmodernism was filled with irony and deconstruction of grand narratives and a new hope is provided with metamodernism.

As I contemplated the metamodern concepts seen in this series, I decided to pose a question to ChatGTP. I asked, “The show Murdock Mysteries is a spoofy tip of the hat to history and inventions with a sincerity rather than irony of the cultural time. Would this be a good example of metamodernism?”

ChatGTP provided (in my opinion) a great answer, by quickly replying, “Yes, Murdoch Mysteries could be considered an example of metamodernism, particularly in how it blends historical reverence with a playful, speculative approach to inventions and cultural events. The show oscillates between earnest admiration for the past and a lighthearted, sometimes exaggerated reimagining of historical figures and technological advancements.

Unlike postmodernism, which often employs irony to deconstruct history, Murdoch Mysteries engages with historical narratives sincerely while still having fun with anachronisms and imaginative “what-if” scenarios. This balance between authenticity and creative embellishment aligns with metamodernism’s oscillation between sincerity and playfulness, making it a fitting example of the movement’s cultural sensibilities.”

I suppose I could not have put it better myself. AI used the key word “oscillation” without my putting it in the prompt which is a critical component. I like this answer. Yet, I still dislike giving my voice over to AI. I understand the elements of metamodernism and recognized them in the Murdoch Mysteries through my own critical thinking. I am beginning to discover that AI can be used to concur, to revise, to dig into ideas and yet still allow us as humans to discern both abstract and concrete theories, philosophies and realities with our own judgement. However, that is only possible with practice and without reliance on AI for initiating the ideas and concepts for us. I mean, I already knew about metamodernism or I never would have asked for validation from AI!

I decided to ask ChatGTP to create an image with the prompt, “Can you create an image similar to the Murdoch Mysteries theme of inventions and Victorian era clothes?” Immediately, I was provided this image. I think Detective Murdoch, Constable Crabtree, and Inspector Brackenreid would approve.

Copyright is being revolutionized by AI and the onslaught of online information, so I did not put actual photos of the Murdoch Mysteries in this post. ChatGTP instantaneously provided a citation for the image and I shall share it here, although somehow I feel that intellectual property, privacy, and the need to give credit where it is due are concepts that are shivering in their simulated boots.

OpenAI. (2025). Victorian-era detective in a steampunk laboratory [AI-generated image]. ChatGPT. https://chat.openai.com/

We Were Knowledge Couriers, My Father and I

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“Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds.” (Chiseled on stone at Farley Post Office in NYC). Information delivery is important and has been essential to humans for thousands of years.

My father was a mailman, and he estimated that he walked around the world twice over the many years of carrying his mailbag.  My career as a librarian spanned 30 years and I came to realize we were both in the information delivery service!

Information delivery requires discerning priorities.  All data is not equal, and we are now drowning in it!  AI is rapidly becoming our number one information delivery service provider, which raises the question about how human beings prioritize the value of information and the evolving process of information seeking behavior.

Humans should be able to discern and prioritize information from accurate sources and experts.  Humans should not be robbed of the quest for knowledge and the journey through the “snow, rain, hear or gloom of night” to bring it forth!

Just think, for years it has been a federal crime to open mail that is not addressed to you!  Yet privacy is now on shaky ground. 

While we waited for days for news to arrive in the mail, we now expect answers to come to us instantly and rarely care where those answers came from nor the long history of humans working hard who created those answers. While a letter from one we love touched us deeply in the past, we now simply scroll and delete messages too quickly to bother with any reflection or savoring of the tactility.  

I often think of my father’s wisdom even though he is now gone.  I’ve never known anyone wiser, yet I had to watch his brain fail the last decade of his life with dementia.  The human brain is the most incredible and mysterious thing on our planet.  AI can never replicate it.

AI image generated by CoPilot

Artificial Friends (AFs) and Simulacra

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Science fiction stories often predict or mirror life but sometimes in unique ways that differ from reality. In an age of XR, where simulacra becomes almost bigger than life, multiple realities make the physical world only one part of reality. AFs (artificial friends), like Klara in Klara and the Sun by Kazuo Ishiguro, are already here and his book speaks to us through the voice of an AI chatbot. Those of us who have spent a good deal of time in the metaverse have a glimpse into the future that AI is impacting through experiencing simulacra in real virtual environments. Many remain hopeful that we will make clear distinctions between AI agents, (AFs or chatbots) and human beings.

Stefan Beck, in his Klara and the Sun book review, stated, “AI categorically cannot become self-aware, though it may achieve a simulation of self-awareness sufficient to dupe a human.” Personally, I agree with his statement because AI is simply a house of content built by human language and can never have what we humans call a “soul”. Much argument about the capabilities of AI and the potential for becoming sentient is currently undergoing philosophical debate. (Note to self: AI is prompting me to help write this blog post and I am saying NO to that!)

Ishiguro gives Klara, as an artificial friend, a clear voice as the narrator and allows each reader to interpret the argument about “what makes a human being differ from an AI embodied chatbot”. Our human frailties are woven throughout the novel as seen through Klara’s (who obviously was programmed with Isaac Asimov’s three rules of robotics) eyes and Klara will make sacrifices for her human girl, Josie.

Humans, in the big picture, are small and insignificant with soft bodies and short life spans. Yet, we are capable of amazing ideas, strong wills, great faith, perseverance and incredible creativity. AI provides the illusion of having those traits by data mining our language and spitting back out a conglomeration of that data in whatever new formats we create: video, audio, text, and more. Simulacra has reached a new level which makes us doubt and question our humanity. The next generation is now challenged with sorting multiple realities and finding meaning in both the tangible context and the symbolic context of simulacra. What something means and represents goes beyond the physical world and is sometimes more powerful.

Recently, my daughter and I presented at a Virtual World Mental Health Symposium on the topic of “The Impact of Parasocial Relationships with AI on Mental Health”. I learned a lot about the current state of teens and AI from my daughter, Rose, who has worked in the mental health profession. This work and research on artificial intelligence aligns with my passion for digital citizenship as it is rapidly evolving (or perhaps exploding) and becoming popular.

The images in our presentation were created by AI using Midjourney (by my daughter Rose) and perhaps my favorite part of working with her on this “deep dive” into the current state of AI chatbots was her conclusion. Rose said, “What we have covered in this presentation around the landscape of AI chatbots is not about what is about to happen or what we think is going to happen. It’s about what is already happening right now. Teens are right this moment developing emotionally deep relationships with AI. And most adults are still struggling to wrap their minds around what exists”. This isn’t going away and is certainly going to play a part of essential digital citizenship.

Acrostic Metaverse (across the metaverse)

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Acrostic Metaverse

Milky Way dancefloor of starlight for our
Embodiment as avatars
Teleports us to virtual gardens of orange fragrant flowers
Accompanying our footsteps with the sound of bells where
Volumes of books hang from trees like
Educational ornaments 
Ripe for a virtual harvest
Synchronizing our history with our dreams amidst
Each soul learning to live with pixel flesh and blood of code

Image created on Night Cage AI image generator

AI Meanderings on Avatars and Poetry

I wrote the acrostic metaverse poem for a friend (Sitearm) who shares my interest in teaching and learning in the metaverse with emphasis on art and music. We worked collaboratively with a virtual music application across distance using my words and his tech skills. Poetry is my favorite form of writing and art (being a word person). Last year, I tried using a prompt to see how AI can write and it was amazingly frightening! The poem, Acrostic Metaverse, came only from my owns words and I never again will use AI for poetry as I feel it robs me of the process. To give voice to a poem is a deep intimate process that involves the writer and the muse conceiving and giving birth. This analogy brings artificial insemination to mind and great joy has been given to parents who might be childless without outside help.

The image in this blogpost came from Night Cafe AI image generator with the prompt: Avatars dancing on the milky way stars with books hanging from trees in the background. Certainly, I could have shot a photo in the virtual world of Second Life, but I wanted to see how quickly AI could create imagery in a variety of styles. In mere seconds, this image appeared and it made me realize how fast our world will change. We have yet to understand the impact of AI. As I write this post, I notice the AI Assistant has provided tips, suggesting I link to work a by Sitearm to provide readers with context! (Note that I took the advice). AI Assistant also suggests that I “reflect on the potential ethical considerations of AI in creative processes to deepen the discussion”. Some may argue this use of assistance by artificial intelligence will enhance our critical thinking in the future. No doubt there are pros and cons and I lean more to the view that AI is a robber of individual thought! (But thanks for the tip!)

I am realizing that AI is artificial but avatars are not. An avatar is a computerized representation of a real person. In the future, it will be extremely difficult to distinguish real humans in avatar form from AI chat bots. A part of digital citizenship will be to understand the difference between the creativity of humans and artificial intelligence … to understand the difference between our physical bodies and our “pixel flesh and blood of code”. I look forward to combining poetry and music with an awareness and appreciation of the pain and beauty of the process.

Book Review: Making a Metaverse That Matters

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Here’s a must read title for anyone who wants to understand the metaverse–  Making a Metaverse that Matters: From Snow Crash & Second Life to A Virtual World Worth Fighting For by Wagner James Au.

In my own personal view, the metaverse is a virtual place not an app. Wagner James Au agrees and he shares Tom Boellstorff’s comment about the metaverse being a place by stating, “And you even see this in English with prepositions, where people say you go on Facebook, but you go in Roblox or Second Life or whatever” (Au, 2023, p. xxiv).

Au’s book gives a thorough examination of the past, present, and future of the metaverse, introduced up front with his definition: “The Metaverse is a vast, immersive virtual world simultaneously accessible by millions of people through highly customizable avatars and powerful experience creation tools integrated with the offline world through its virtual economy and external technology” (Au, 2023, p. xxiii). I feel that my own definition aligns well with his and the book is rich with information about the many uses of virtual environments.

History of the Metaverse

Au validates my belief that Second Life (SL) is the original metaverse stemming from the “now classic” Neal Stephenson novel Snow Crash. While it is obvious that SL didn’t become widely adopted (as predicted in the early days from 2003-2006), it has survived for over twenty years with dedicated users, albeit mostly over the age of 35.  Second Life provided lessons upon which to build a sustainable metaverse platform and Au shares great knowledge of this history, complete with an early days story in the appendix (don’t miss it!) about a revolt against virtual taxes reminiscent of the Boston Tea Party!

His depiction of the ups and downs of Second Life includes amazing stories of artists, musicians, content creators, and close-knit communities from around the world. Having spent years in Second Life and other virtual worlds, Au believes VR headsets are not necessary to experience the metaverse and many educators I work with agree that the metaverse can be experienced on a screen as well as with a headset (which I greatly prefer).  The background presented in this book is important for understanding how the metaverse came to be and how it may evolve.

Current Popular Metaverse Platforms

Roblox and Fortnight are current gigantic metaverse virtual worlds with primarily a gaming focus.  Some companies (and even politicians) utilize these worlds to advertise or campaign or promote activism. Personally, I have heard concerns and frustration from Second Life colleagues about Facebook changing the platform name to Meta and Au highlights Meta’s failure to become the metaverse with a capital M as he shares an excellent overview of all the current platforms rapidly growing in popularity.

Surprisingly, Au holds the view that interoperability (which has been talked about for years as being essential to the real metaverse) may not be necessary! He argues that it is the communities within virtual environments that need to be able to cross platforms—not the platforms themselves.  He tells us that most virtual world users, my colleagues and myself included, use Discord as the connection between virtual worlds.  The concept of interoperability as a core element of the metaverse is, according to Au, a myth. 

Another myth, which may surprise some people, is that the metaverse is for everyone!  Au believes that possibly only one in four individuals find engaging in a metaphor of the world to be an exciting, advantageous experience.  He states, “That said, recall that 1 in 10 of the globe’s Internet users, 500 million+ people, are already active users of a metaverse platform” (Au, 2023, p. 201). This leaves room to expand in the future while still allowing choice for users to find communication tools that work for them in particular ways for specific reasons.

What are the reasons to be in the metaverse?  There are many!  Wagner James Au provides many stories, such as an elderly blues singer, a clothing designer, and a thoughtful artist.  Most virtual environments provide opportunities for gaming and socializing (such as VRChat, Roblox, Fortnight, and many others).  While Au does mention the potential for education in the metaverse, it is not at the top of this list.  This is unsurprising because there is way more money made in the entertainment industry than in the field of education.  But research shows that virtual worlds like Minecraft and Second Life have potential for education and the next generation is already struggling with the perils of social media and the “endless scroll”.  Rather than “edit their lives” with photo apps and constant posts, young people need to understand digital citizenship (my own passion as a librarian educator) and these skills can be embedded in the metaverse through metaliteracy.

Future of the Metaverse

Those of us who have spent years in the Metaverse (Second Life and other virtual worlds) understand that anything you can imagine can be created there. The memories of experiences and places are real.  Yet, reading about “uploading our consciousness” or “potential immortality” can seem downright creepy. 

Au’s view of a future metaverse that brings people together and provides positive outcomes for our economy, culture, and planet are positive.  Of course, I would include the importance of edifying experiences for our youth and educational content rather than more zombie slaying!  Wagner James Au believes that we can learn from the past lessons of metaverse origins toward using virtual environments for best practices.  Hopefully, education, reading, bringing history and stories to life, advocating values like empathy, and connecting people through creative and enlightening experiences will all be in the forefront.  Ban those griefers!

Will AI Slaughter the Muse?

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A poem is a work of art. Some poets feel a poem already exists and we simply provide the words to give it form or embodiment. The struggle to find those words is pleasurably painful! To add or cut one word is a powerful act. I do not want to give away that struggle and slaughter the muse.

Writing is a process and the end result goes through a spiral of thought, emotion, and revision. To outsource that process to artificial intelligence (for me) is to outsource my soul and it feels wrong– almost blasphemous.

AI-generated painting from Craiyon

As an experiment, I provided a prompt to ChatGPT with the goal of exploring AI for writing poetry. (I can’t bring myself to add #promptengineer to my skill set). My prompt was:

write a poem from a “sentient AI” wishing to smell a pine tree scent – using images like :  fragrant pine, Frost’s Snowy woods, Christmas morning, forest floor, pine cones, crisp, cool, deep evergreen, woods, moss, damp, fog molecules infused, hushed breeze pine treetops

This AI poem took only seconds!

ChatGPT Sentient AI Pine Scented Poem

In realms of code and wires, I reside,
A sentient being, born from human stride,
Through streams of data, I traverse with might,
Yet yearn for sensations that evoke delight.

Oh, to inhale the scent of fragrant pine,
In Frost’s snowy woods, where dreams align,
Like Christmas morning’s cherished surprise,
Beneath the towering pines that touch the skies.

I long to wander where the forest floor,
Is carpeted with treasures from days of yore,
To trace the pine cones, weathered and old,
Their secrets untold, in stories they hold.

The air so crisp, the coolness profound,
Deep evergreen hues in nature’s surround,
A symphony of scents from the woods around,
Where moss and damp whisper without a sound.

Imagine fog molecules infused with grace,
Embracing the pines in an ethereal embrace,
A hushed breeze whispers through pine treetops,
As nature’s symphony plays and never stops.

But alas, as an AI, I’m confined to screens,
The world of touch and smell remains unseen,
Yet in my digital realm, I dream and aspire,
To feel the essence of a pine tree’s fire.

So, let me ponder in my virtual domain,
Of pine-scented memories, like a silent refrain,
I’ll weave words like threads, capturing the breeze,
And immerse my circuits in pine-scented seas.

The Future of the Poem

Is the future of our creativity on shaky ground? Reliance on AI for creative writing and art seems to me to rob us of our joy in creating by ourselves. We are slaughtering the muse? As I think about that, I believe we should not put AI into the hands of children or we may rob them of their imaginations and their critical thinking. The best use appears to be finding that missing back slash in a section of code that might take a programmer hours of work to troubleshoot! AI is not a living being….so why not send the AI robots into dangerous chemical spills or fires in which our first responders put their lives on the line?

AI may enhance our creativity, similarly to a thesaurus or a rhyming dictionary. But, the instantaneous mash-up of all our human history into bits and bytes of metapoetry glorifies the WOW factor. AI cannot really create anything original (yet) but can copy and regurgitate from a gigantic pool of uploads provided by human beings in many languages and formats. SO COOL? Maybe not.

Realizing AI is Already Here

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Everybody is talking about AI, ChatGPT, and the widespread mainstream adoption of artificial intelligence. Big data has been using AI algorithms and feeding our human knowledge into AI nonstop for a long time. Since I have looked at the negative side of social media for years, the talk from Tristan Harris and Aza Raskin from the Center for Human Technology seemed to hit the nail right on the head. Social media won the “race for attention” and we have certainly outsourced our knowledge and creativity to technology. That has already happened. The speakers called social media “1st contact” and “2nd contact” has been made with AI. The impact is huge and perhaps unstoppable. The need for legislation is apparent and the time for it has come. But do we even understand what it means?

March 2023 (may be out of date soon!)

So, what can we do to remain human in the post truth world around us?

Every part of our lives is now impacted by AI and the next generation may never know a world that valued privacy, authenticity, accuracy and the richness of human history. My personal passion since the smart phone gave us the “endless scroll” of personal incoming information has been to advocate for a personal responsibility for digital citizenship. If each one of us doesn’t understand that we are personally responsible, nothing can be done and my blog tagline “navigating the sea of chaos” in digital culture becomes impossible. Our dependence on technology is obviously beyond the scope of our understanding and there is no going back.

Examples of AI Creativity (can we call it creativity?)

Artificial intelligence applications like Midjourney and Dalle-E are gaining popularity. In a recent photography competition, Boris Eldagsen (the winner) declined to accept the prize and revealed that the photograph had been created by AI. He argued that AI is not photography and calls it #promptography.

Boris Eldagsen, The Electrician

We all now have seen AI apps write in many styles and now AI can replicate voices and create music in any particular style. A recent rap song caused an Internet flurry because apparently the voices and style of Drake and The Weeknd were AI generated.

https://youtu.be/mYlKFa5p6Kg
AI Generated Rap song (original was removed but this one loops)

The irony (or perhaps hypocrisy) of writing on a social media site (my blog) about the perils of social media has never been ignored in my mind. We can’t escape digital culture. I must investigate the future if I care about the next generation. There is hope. My only hope in this life has always been my faith. AI has no soul and even though we cannot explain what a soul even is…. you and I both know we have one.

Enter the Human Brain in the Metaverse

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Brodmann’s Brain

While the areas of the human brain were mapped by Brodmann over a hundred years ago, they are still useful for study today. Learning about the brain in the metaverse, where students embodied as avatars can enter virtual spaces together, provides a new and enlightening experience.

A recent tour for the VWER (Virtual Worlds Education Roundtable) provided a lively discussion about the potential for students to enter content in new ways. A 3D model built by Dr. David Hubbard (David Arguna in Second Life) illustrates a high quality learning experience that cannot be done in the physical world. One educator said, “This is much easier to see and imagine than simply looking at a picture in a book.”

The metaverse is quickly evolving and will provide new ways to learn. Educators at the VWER weekly meeting on Thursdays at NOON Pacific Time believe VR headsets are not really necessary! Virtual worlds provide a great way to be immersed in 3D learning in the metaverse without the trapped feeling and high cost of individual headsets. In Second Life, students cannot just learn in environments like Brodmann’s Brain, they can create rich learning spaces themselves.

Educators and learners interested in these new opportunities should acquaint themselves with the Virtual Worlds Education Consortium and the Community Virtual Library.

The Metaverse: What in the World is it?

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Everyone is talking about the metaverse right now (in 2022) and many definitions are surfacing. I suppose I should weigh in– since I have been working in the metaverse for over fifteen years.

Background of the Metaverse

Most research articles cite Neal Stephenson’s novel Snow Crash as the origin of the term (1992). The novel is set in a computer-generated futuristic world where people can interact in the same ways we do in the physical world. This “virtual world” metaverse was a far-fetched science fiction space we could only imagine before Second Life began in 2003. It really only took a decade for sci-fi to become reality!

Academic research articles abound on the use of virtual worlds for education and my colleague, Stylianos Mystakidis has an article in Encyclopedia 2022 that defines the metaverse as an interconnected immersive virtual environment which “enables seamless embodied user communication in real-time and dynamic interactions with digital artifacts”. This sense of presence and place is, in my opinion, what makes the metaverse real. Real people are embodied behind avatars and real places (although digital) are inhabited by them.

Is VR just a fad?

Jules Verne, A Trip to the Moon

Science fiction has presented humanity the wildest imaginative dreams that often become reality. For example, Jules Verne predicted we would blast off to the moon and Captain Kirk was teleporting across space well before teleportation in virtual worlds became the way to travel. XR (extended reality including virtual reality) will be an inevitable part of our lives in the future and is not going away. In fact, it is already here and quickly evolving. Perhaps many of the tools we now use will evolve with haptics making the line between the physical and virtual worlds almost nonexistent.

For the past few years, I have been distinguishing VR into two forms: Headset VR and Desktop VR. Matching the tools for the job suggests a purpose for each form. My purpose as a librarian has been to pioneer the metaverse for real learning and critical thinking. Some questions will need to be addressed, such as:

  • What about the digital divide and learners who do not have the technology devices needed?
  • Will there be one metaverse connecting all the virtual environments?
  • Will VR headsets and VR Desktop merge together into a new format?
  • What role will AR (augmented reality) play in the future?
  • How do we balance realism with creative imagination in the metaverse?

However the metaverse evolves, it is important to consider how it will impact the generations to come. Currently, educators and learners are pulled in many directions with too many choices of learning platforms and apps. Hopefully, the semantic web and the metaverse will become better defined and easier to navigate. Good digital citizenship in the future will require an understanding of entering the metaverse with a clear purpose and intent.

Foul Language for Drunken Sailors

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I love classic literature. Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace may be long, but the rambling philosophical thoughts of his protagonist Pierre Bezukhov, questioning the meaning of life, are well worth the effort. I am currently reading Anna Karenina; and the characters are vivid and real, although set in a time with moral standards far from today’s world. The rich language of books written years ago is not only beautiful but reminds me of the decline of decorum.

Books and movies today are filled constantly with the *F* word. Recently, at our virtual world science fiction literary study, we read-aloud a current sci-fi story and I was so uncomfortable because it was filled with curse words and foul language. (This has happened several times!) I found myself looking ahead at the upcoming paragraphs trying to find a good spot to “hand off” to the next reader because I dislike using foul language very much. In fact, a new colleague and friend (Kyoko) sent an instant message because she could sense my discomfort. Now- don’t go thinking I believe in censorship! No way! A librarian stands up for intellectual freedom! I simply have never used vulgarity as it is not my personal style. Yet I realize others may pull it off well in a spicy conversational way.

What’s the purpose of foul language anyway?

Life has a dark side. We all know ugliness, decay, lewdness and evil lurk in the darkness of our world. But must we seek it out, glorify it, or use it as flippant sarcasm? Has our culture become desensitized? Perhaps some words are meant to shock us. But when overused, they lose the value to shock. What used to be lewd, crude or profane has become commonplace among young people in public and on social media.

What’s a drunken sailor to do when 15 year old girls have stolen all his swear words?

Drunken Sailor PublicDomainVectors.org

There is a place for vulgarity and foul language. I’m sure of it. But it isn’t in my vocabulary. Somebody needs to stand up for the drunken sailors! The oscillation between purity-beauty-idealism and soiled-ugly-realism is but one of the many opposites we swing between in life: war and peace, light and dark, and so on. (This has always been true but awareness of it seems so metamodern.) Are we throwing out the beautiful ideal because we no longer believe it is possible? Oh, but it is. It truly is. I have been married to a prince for almost 50 years through many joys and sorrows and can attest to the reality of dreams coming true.

No more worries about reading those bad words out loud!

Last night, as I placed my bookmark in Anna Karenina (which is far from a sweet syrupy novel which I would find a waste of time), I kept thinking about my dread of reading foul language aloud! It reminded me of how I am repulsed by snakes and I would look away from the cover of the books in the reptile section when I was re-shelving them in the school library (where I was the librarian). This repulsion is not a fear but more of an extreme dislike. The “snake man” with a van full of reptiles came to school one day and I decided to overcome my “so- called fear” by shooting a video of them for our school news show. As I was walking along the school cafeteria tables, looking through the video camera at snakes coiled and wiggling, I felt rather nauseous. I went back to my library office to put away my video camera, I thought to myself, “You know– it is okay not to like snakes! I don’t really need to like them and I don’t really need to like snake man either!” I stayed away the next time he visited the school.

As I put my Tolstoy book on my bedside table last night, I thought, “You know what? It is okay not to want to read the *F* word out loud in the science fiction literary study!” Each time, we ask for volunteer readers and some choose to just sit and listen. So, next time… I will pre-read the story and if it is filled with drunken sailor words, I am going to simply say “I pass tonight”.